Millas, J. Las máscaras filosóficas de la violencia.--Otero Bello, E. El tema de la violencia y sus implicaciones para la filosofía.

A post-photographic cinema. The myth of "the myth of total cinema" -- The matrix: "a prison for your mind" -- The new realness -- Quid est veritas: the reality ofunspeakable suffering -- Social network -- Postscript: total cinema redux -- A chronicle of theBush years. 2001: after September 11 -- 2002: the war on terror begins -- 2003: invading Iraq-- 2004: Bush's victory -- 2005: looking for the Muslim world -- 2006: September 11, theanniversary -- 2007: what was Iraq and (...) where? -- 2008: the election -- Notes toward a syllabus.In praise of love (Jean-Luc Godard, 2001) -- Avalon (Mamoru Oshii, 2001) -- Avant-garde goesdigital: Corpus callosum, Cotton Candy, and Razzle Dazzle -- Russian ark (AlexanderSokurov,2002) -- Ten (Abbas Kiarostami, 2002) -- Goodbye Dragon Inn (Tsai Ming-Liang,2002) -- Dogville (Lars Von Trier, 2003) -- The world (Jia Zhangke, 2004) -- Battle in heaven(Carlos Reygadas, 2005) -- The death of Mr. Lazarescu (Cristi Puiu, 2005) -- Day night daynight (Julia Loktev, 2006) -- Southland tales (Richard Kelly, 2006) -- Inland empire (DavidLynch, 2006) -- Between darkness and light (after William Blake) (Douglas Gordon, 1997/2006)-- Lol (Joe Swanberg, 2006) -- Flight of the red balloon (Hou Hsiao-Hsien, 2007) -- Hunger(Steve McQueen, 2008) -- Opening ceremonies, Beijing Olympics (August 8, 2008) -- Carlos(Olivier Assayas, 2010) -- The strange case of Angelica (Manoel de Oliveira, 2010) -- Onceupon a time in Anatolia (Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2011). (shrink)

O presente artigo busca compreender o conceito de biopolítica na teoria de Michel Foucault e avaliar sua importância para analisar o contexto da gestão política quanto à andemia do coronavírus no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, será discutida a biopolítica na obra “Microfísica do Poder” e sua relação com as políticas brasileiras de gestão em saúde em face do coronavírus. Posteriormente, será examinada como o sentido de biopolítica na obra “Emdefesa da sociedade” se relaciona com o genocídio do povo negro e (...) pobre. Em seguida, serão analisadas a obra “A Vontade de Saber” e as biopolíticas anti feministas no contexto dessa pandemia. Em quarto lugar, será compreendido o sentido de biopolítica em “Território e População” e sua relação com as estatística s e o isolamento social. Por fim, será abordado o conceito de biopolítica em “Nascimento da biopolítica” e sua relação com agovernamentalidade neoliberal durante a pandemia do coronavírus. (shrink)

O objetivo deste ensaio filosófico é analisar a noção de performatividade na leitura feita por Jacques Derrida em Força de Lei: o “fundamento místico da autoridade”. A pergunta de partida é: como o caráter performativo do discurso jurídico instaura o regime de violência no nível da linguagem? A categoria de “fundamento místico da autoridade” revela um problema quanto à dinâmica do discurso jurídico enquanto violência. Toda essa violência é guardada por um silêncio que sustenta a autoridade do direito. Por isso, (...) é preciso analisar o argumento de Derrida em relação às teses sobre performatividade de John Austin. A compreensão da leitura derridiana possibilitará uma margem de diferença em relação à proposta austiniana por meio da iteralibiliade, isto é, da condição de repetição do signo que institui seu significado diferencial. Essa possibilidade sustenta e condiciona a força do direito. (shrink)

RésuméKarl Popper, dans La logique de la découverte scientifique, a généralisé et formalisé, sans le savoir, les grands principes méthodologiques formulés par Claude Bernard dans son Introduction àľétude de la médecine expérimentale.Cette analogie est frappante lorsqu'on rapproche du faillibilisme poppérien ľ affirmation du physiologiste selon laquelle les progrès de la méthode expérimentale consistent en ce que la somme des vérités augmente à mesure que la somme des erreurs diminue.Ľ intérêt que ľ on porte à cette analogie dépasse la simple curiositéérudite (...) car certaines difficultés du poppérianisme sont déjà sensibles dans la méthodologie bernardienne.En effet, si ľ un et ľ autre insistent sur le caractère hypothético‐déductif de la démarche scientifique, ni ľ un ni ľ autre n'aborde le difficile problème des décisions épistémiques qu'elle requiert. C'est notamment au niveau des hypothèses falsifiantes destinées àéviter les coïncidences constituent un des écueils les plus graves que rencontre la méthode expérimen‐tale qu'est sensible cette difficulté.SummaryIn his Logic of Scientific Discovery Karl Popper, nor realizing the fact, has generalized and formalized the main methodological principles formulated by Claude Bernard in his Introduction àľ Etude de la Médecine Expérimentale.This analogy is especially noticeable when one brings together Popper's “faillibilism” and the physiologist's affirmation according to which “progress in the experimental method consists in the fact that the more the total error decreases, the more the total truth increases”.The interest in this analogy goes far beyond erudite curiosity since some of Popper's difficulties are already perceptible in Bernard's methodology.As a matter of fact, if both stress the hypothetical‐deductive nature of the scientific progress, none approaches the difficult problem of the epistemic decisions required. This difficulty is particularly perceptible at the level of the falsifying hypotheses intended to avoid the “coincidences being one of the most serious pitfalls of the experimental method” .ZusammenfassungOhne es zu wissen, hat Karl Popper in der Logik der Forschung die methodischen Prinzipien, die Claude Bernard in seiner Introduction àľ Etude de la Médecine Experimental formuliert, verallgemeinert und formalisiert.Die Analogie tritt besonders deutlich hervor, wenn man Poppers Faillibilismus mit der Behauptung des Physiologen konfrontiert, wonach der Fortschritt darin bestehen soll, dass die Summe der Wahrheiten in dem Masse zunimmt, wie die Summe der Irrtümer abnimmt.Das Interesse an dieser Analogie ist insofern nicht ein rein historisches, als gewisse Schwie‐rigkeiten, denen Popper begegnet, sich schon in Bernards Ansatz bemerkbar machen.Wenn auch beide besonderes Gewicht auf den hypothetisch‐deduktiven Charakter des wis‐senschaftlichen Vorgehens legen, so gehen sie beide nicht auf das schwierige Problem der erkenntnistheoretischen Entscheide ein, diedamit verbunden sind. Dieser Mangel macht sich vor allem bei Poppers falsifizierenden Hypothesen bemerkbar, die, wie schon Bernard formuliert, dazu dienen sollen, die Hauptschwierigkeit der experimentellen Methode, namlich das zufällige Zusammentreffen von Ereignissen, zu vermeiden. (shrink)

Ethical issues flow from and are embedded in contexts of practice. Contexts of practice refer to the diverse social settings where interventions occur. Primary prevention activities require new professional roles in these diverse social settings. These new roles engage the professional in new activities, which in mm allow new ethical issues to arise. This article takes an ecological perspective on ethical issues arising from the enactment of new preventive roles intended to affect groups or communities. Within this perspective, the concepts (...) of context and culture take on special conceptual significance. Four ecological assumptions about preventive interventions intended to affect groups or communities are offered as a means of framing ethical issues in such interventions. Finally, several approaches to developing ecological knowledge about the contexts of practice are presented as ways of furthering our ability to conceptualize and cope with ethical issues in preventive interventions intended to affect groups or communities. (shrink)

Este artículo es un estudio sobre la relación entre teoría y praxis en el marxismo occidental y en el joven Horkheimer.

Research and intervention involving primary prevention have grown dramatically in the past 10 years. However, little attention has been paid to ethical issues in primary prevention. This article proposes a framework for increasing awareness of such issues. The framework centers on explicating the contexts where prevention activities occur and the roles adopted by interventionists engaging in these activities. Several assumptions underlying primary prevention are stated, and ways of clarifying ethical issues are proposed.

Ética y bioética en el mundo científico: una revisión integradora de la literaturaEthics and Bioethics in the Scientific World: An Integrative ReviewThis paper studies the reality of ethical and bioethical issues in the scientific world through an integrative literature review of articles included in three databases. Seven terms from the thesaurus Health Sciences Descriptors were used, from which three combinations were elaborated and used in the three databases. After applying inclusion requirements, a total of 18 articles were selected. Certain misconducts, (...) particularly plagiarism, falsification and data fabrication, have been showing an increasing behavior, which requires more stringent measures in order to control such phenomenon and maintain scientific credibility before society and authorities.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoSouza-Júnior EV, Rosa RS, Guedes TP, Silva CS, Ribeiro DB, Balbinote FS, Souza DF, Teixeira RB, Silva-Filho BF, Sawanda NO. Ética e bioética no mundo científico: uma revisão integrativa. Pers bioet. 2020;24:151-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.3Recibido: 30/06/2020Aceptado: 28/07/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

As religiões de matriz africana foram e ainda são intensamente estudadas buscando compreender sobre o seu funcionamento, as relações construídas entre os fiéis, assim como entre os fiéis e as entidades. Essa sociedade, enquanto sociedade não-europeia, é estudada com base nos conhecimentos eurocêntricos, o que torna possível compreender as formas de abordagem do conhecimento universal sobre o Candomblé, colocando assim, o conhecimento Europeu como nativo. Dessa forma, sigo o caminho proposto pela antropóloga Marimba Ani, para pensar a roça de Candomblé (...) e a herança africana, a partir das epistemologias oriundas do terreiro. Utilizo a poesia do ogan Wesley Correia, os pensadores negros em diáspora e os africanos enquanto uma encruzilhada de caminhos possíveis a ser construído em diálogo com o romance “O mundo se despedaça”, de Chinua Achebe para enriquecer a discussão de visão-de-mundo e produção de sentido. Palavras-chave: Marimba Ani; encruzilhada; nativo; conhecimento universal; Wesley Correia. (shrink)

O objetivo é analisar algumas interpretações conexas que giram em torno da tensão entre duas concepções da díke em Édipo Rei. Como as tragédias ocupavam um papel privilegiado na pólis ateniense, pode-se dizer que as exibições e festividades trágicas eram uma verdadeira instituição política. Não por acaso se pode afirmar que as peças apontavam para um conflito entre os valores aristocráticos tradicionais e a nova ordem democrática. Tal tensão pode ser evidenciada na investigação promovida por Édipo que se manifesta em (...) duas formas de justiça, uma de origem divina e outra, humana. Para tanto, este texto, em um primeiro momento, descreve a relação entre tragédia e pólis; após essa introdução, assinala o conflito que se desenhava na democracia e que se reflete nas tragédias; por fim, examina a possível articulação racional entre a díke tradicional e sua contrapartida humana. (shrink)

The initial problem which motivated the writing of this thesis arose from reading of Emile by Rousseau. In this work, it was possible to detect the influence of different theoretical approaches, such as rationalism and empiricism, inspiring the development of the educational plan designed by Rousseau for his imaginary student (Emile). The very core question of the present thesis regards to whether there was a theory of knowledge pertaining to Rousseau’s philosophical thinking and, if so, how it was related to (...) his theories of education. In the set of his oeuvre, Rousseau’s affiliation to authors like Descartes, Leibniz, Locke and Malebranche, as well as Condillac, Diderot, D’Holbach and Helvétius was discovered. As the reading of the great philosophical work of Rousseau progressed, an original knowledge theory was discovered, of the kind which accepts the coexistence of opposite thoughts. Pedagogy, in the context of (the work) Emile, arose out of the miscellany of such theories and also for the intense philosophical maturing process on the core of Rousseau’s thinking. This study intended, therefore, to understand the origin and development of Rousseau’s theory of knowledge, and also to figure out how the philosopher formulated his theories on Education, especially in Emile. The object of this research, materialized through the extensive bibliography of the Swiss philosopher, was intensively read and analyzed. The methodology used was that of comparative, descriptive and critical documentary research of the mentioned authors. This research is divided into three sections: the first one intends to investigate the philosophical influence from different authors on the foundations of Rousseau’s epistemology; the second section addresses Rousseau’s theories of Education; the third and final part investigates the link between theory of knowledge and Education within Rousseau’s philosophical thought. -/- . (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

On the ethics of extending human life: healthy people have a right to carry on livingHumanity has long demonstrated a paradoxical ambivalence concerning the extension of a healthy human lifespan. Modest health extension has been universally sought, whereas extreme health extension has been regarded as a snare and delusion—a dream beyond all others at first blush, but actually something we are better off without. The prevailing pace of biotechnological progress is bringing ever closer the day when humanity will be able (...) to act on the latter view by rejecting a clear and present opportunity for much longer healthy lives. Indeed, some biogerontologists contend that that day has already arrived, to the extent that our hesitation in embarking on a vigorous “war on ageing” is already delaying the point at which a cure for ageing will be developed. Here I consider whether our present caution concerning the wisdom of truly curing ageing is likely to survive the increased scrutiny that it will receive in coming years as a result of these technical advances. I conclude that it will not, because of its irreconcilability with values that are more deeply held by the large majority of humanity than any values that argue against the quest for a cure. I further conclude that all the major current reasons given for not curing ageing are mere crutches to help us cope with the immutability of ageing that we have been brought up to accept. Our failure to set aside such irrationality is already shortening potential longevity—quite probably of those already alive today—to a staggering degree. Once we realise this, our determination to consign human ageing to history will be second …. (shrink)